www.HearingLossTreatmentReport.com
https://interestingengineering.com/research-highlights-different-types-of-hearing-loss-and-need-for-new-unique-treatments
Research Highlights Different Types of Hearing Loss And Need for New Unique Treatments
New research shows that different types of hearing loss are best treated by specially tailored solutions.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41420-019-0195-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31312524?dopt=Abstract
Avenanthramide-C prevents noise- and drug-induced hearing loss while protecting auditory hair cells from oxidative stress.
Cell Death Discov. 2019;5:115
Authors: Umugire A, Lee S, Kim D, Choi M, Kim HS, Cho HH
Abstract
Noise exposure or ototoxic drugs instigate various types of damage to the cochlea, resulting in hearing loss (HL). While the incidence of HL is growing continuously, there are, so far, no adequate drugs to prevent or treat HL. Avenanthramide (AVN), a natural product extracted from oats, has been reported to possess anti-oxidant/inflammatory properties, and protect several types of cells. In this study, we investigated whether AVN-C can protect auditory hair cells, and preserve hearing from noise trauma and ototoxic drugs. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used to generate several HL models. Serum and perilymphatic fluid samples were analyzed using mass spectrophotometry to detect AVN-C. AVN-C crossed the blood-labyrinth barrier, and was detected in the perilymph after systemic injection. Pretreatment by AVN-C 24โh before exposure to temporary threshold shift noise contributed to the preserving hearing. Moreover, in the case of permanent threshold shift, AVN-C provided significant protection from noise. AVN-C also strongly protected against deterioration in hearing due to kanamycin and furosemide (Kโ+โF). According to the results of our scanning electron microscopy analysis, many outer hair cells (OHCs) were destroyed by noise trauma, while AVN-C prevented these losses. OHC loss due to Kโ+โF was even more severe, even affecting the apex. Strikingly, AVN-C treatment maintained OHCs at a level comparable to normal cochlea. AVN-C reduced the dichlorofluorescin (DCF)-positive population in gentamicin-treated HEI-OC1 in vitro. The expressions of TNF-a, BAK, IL-1b, and Bcl-2 were attenuated by AVN-C, revealing its antioxidant effects. The results of this study show that AVN-C crosses the blood-labyrinth barrier and provide a significant protection against noise- and drug-induced ototoxicity. Hence, AVN-C is a good candidate for future therapy aimed at protecting against sensorineural HL.
PMID: 31312524 [PubMed]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31285299?dopt=Abstract
Divergent auditory-nerve encoding deficits between two common etiologies of sensorineural hearing loss.
J Neurosci. 2019 Jul 08;:
Authors: Henry KS, Sayles M, Hickox AE, Heinz MG
Abstract
Speech intelligibility can vary dramatically between individuals with similar clinically defined severity of hearing loss based on the audiogram. These perceptual differences, despite equal audiometric-threshold elevation, are often assumed to reflect central-processing variations. Here, we compared peripheral-processing in auditory-nerve fibers of male chinchillas between two prevalent hearing-loss etiologies: metabolic hearing loss (MHL) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). MHL results from age-related reduction of the endocochlear potential due to atrophy of the stria vascularis. MHL in the present study was induced using furosemide, which provides a validated model of age-related MHL in young animals by reversibly inhibiting the endocochlear potential. Effects of MHL on peripheral processing were assessed using Wiener-kernel (system-identification) analyses of single auditory-nerve fiber responses to broadband noise, for direct comparison to previously published auditory-nerve responses from animals with NIHL. Wiener-kernel analyses show that even mild NIHL causes grossly abnormal coding of low-frequency stimulus components. In contrast, for MHL the same abnormal coding was only observed with moderate-severe loss. For equal sensitivity loss, coding impairment was substantially less severe with MHL than with NIHL, probably due to greater preservation of the tip-to-tail ratio of cochlear frequency tuning with MHL compared to NIHL rather than different intrinsic auditory-nerve properties. Differences in peripheral neural coding between these two pathologies [sbond] the more severe of which, NIHL, is preventable [sbond] likely contribute to individual speech-perception differences. Our results underscore the need to minimize noise overexposure and for strategies to personalize diagnosis and treatment for individuals with sensorineural hearing loss.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDifferences in speech perception ability between individuals with similar clinically defined severity of hearing loss are often assumed to reflect central neural processing differences. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that peripheral neural processing of complex sounds differs dramatically between the two most common etiologies of hearing loss. Greater processing impairment with noise-induced compared to an age-related (metabolic) hearing-loss etiology may explain heightened speech-perception difficulties in people overexposed to loud environments. These results highlight the need for public policies to prevent noise-induced hearing loss – an entirely avoidable hearing-loss etiology – and for personalized strategies to diagnose and treat sensorineural hearing loss.
PMID: 31285299 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595518305343
Early phase trials of novel hearing therapeutics: Avenues and opportunities
https://journals.lww.com/thehearingjournal/Fulltext/2019/07000/Inner_Ear_Drug_Delivery__Tomorrow_s_Treatment_for.1.aspx
Inner Ear Drug Delivery
Tomorrow’s Treatment for Hearing Loss?
Optimized gene-editing system halts hearing loss in mice with hereditary deafness
https://www.thelondoneconomic.com/lifestyle/health/radical-cure-for-deafness-may-have-been-found-thanks-to-lab-animals/03/07/
Radical cure for deafness may have been found thanks to lab animals
Scientists revealed that hearing has been salvaged in mice by ‘snipping’ a mutation out of their DNA.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00323/abstract
Gene Therapy for Human Sensorineural Hearing Loss
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-45385-8
Auditory metabolomics, an approach to identify acute molecular effects of noise trauma
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/sound-pharmaceuticals-announces-positive-topline-130000754.html
Sound Pharmaceuticals announces positive topline results from SPI-1005 Phase 2b clinical trial… clinically relevant improvements in sensorineural hearing loss… 65% over placebo at 8 weeks
https://academic.oup.com/hmg/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/hmg/ddz129/5520925?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31227837?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Gene therapy for hearing loss.
Hum Mol Genet. 2019 Jun 22;:
Authors: Omichi R, Shibata SB, Morton CC, Smith RJH
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common sensory disorder. Its underlying etiologies include a broad spectrum of genetic and environmental factors that can lead to hearing loss that is congenital or late onset, stable or progressive, drug-related, noise-induced, age-related, traumatic or post-infectious. Habilitation options typically focus on amplification using wearable or implantable devices, however exciting new gene-therapy based strategies to restore and prevent SNHL are actively under investigation. Recent proof-of-principle studies demonstrate the potential therapeutic potential of molecular agents delivered to the inner ear to ameliorate different types of SNHL. Correcting or preventing underlying genetic forms of hearing loss is poised to become a reality. Herein, we review molecular therapies for hearing loss such as gene replacement, antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference and CRISPR-based gene editing. We discuss delivery methods, techniques and viral vectors employed for inner ear gene therapy, and the advancements in this field that are paving the way for basic science research discoveries to transition to clinical trials.
PMID: 31227837 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://asa.scitation.org/doi/10.1121/1.5111870
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31255106?dopt=Abstract
Sex differences in hearing: Probing the role of estrogen signaling.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2019 Jun;145(6):3656
Authors: Shuster BZ, Depireux DA, Mong JA, Hertzano R
Abstract
Hearing loss is the most common form of sensory impairment in humans, with an anticipated rise in incidence as the result of recreational noise exposures. Hearing loss is also the second most common health issue afflicting military veterans. Currently, there are no approved therapeutics to treat sensorineural hearing loss in humans. While hearing loss affects both men and women, sexual dimorphism is documented with respect to peripheral and central auditory physiology, as well as susceptibility to age-related and noise-induced hearing loss. Physiological differences between the sexes are often hormone-driven, and an increasing body of literature demonstrates that the hormone estrogen and its related signaling pathways may in part, modulate the aforementioned differences in hearing. From a mechanistic perspective, understanding the underpinnings of the hormonal modulation of hearing may lead to the development of therapeutics for age related and noise induced hearing loss. Here the authors review a number of studies that range from human populations to animal models, which have begun to provide a framework for understanding the functional role of estrogen signaling in hearing, particularly in normal and aberrant peripheral auditory physiology.
PMID: 31255106 [PubMed – in process]
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13534-019-00114-y
Applications of photobiomodulation in hearing research: from bench to clinic
Biomedical Engineering Letters
pp 1–8 | Cite as
Applications of photobiomodulation in hearing research: from bench to clinic
Authors
Jae-Hun LeeSehwan KimJae Yun JungMin Young LeeEmail author
Review Article
First Online: 18 June 2019
Abstract
Hearing loss is very common and economically burdensome. No accepted therapeutic modality for sensorineural hearing loss is yet available; most clinicians emphasize rehabilitation, placing hearing aids and cochlear implants. Photobiomodulation (PBM) employs light energy to enhance or modulate the activities of specific organs, and is a popular non-invasive therapy used to treat skin lesions and neurodegenerative disorders. Efforts to use PBM to improve hearing have been ongoing for several decades. Initial in vitro studies using cell lines and ex vivo culture techniques have now been supplanted by in vivo studies in animals; PBM protects the sensory epithelium and triggers neural regeneration. Many reports have used PBM to treat tinnitus. In this brief review, we introduce PBM applications in hearing research, helpful protocols, and relevant background literature.
http://www.koreabiomed.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=5927
Daewoong to develop hearing loss treatment using ion-channel platform tech
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192900?dopt=Abstract
https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/2019/07000/Intratympanic_Triamcinolone_Acetonide_as_Treatment.4.aspx
Intratympanic Triamcinolone Acetonide as Treatment Option for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Otol Neurotol. 2019 Jul;40(6):720-727
Authors: Dahm V, Nieratschker M, Riss D, Kaider A, Auinger A, Honeder C, Arnoldner C
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Corticosteroids represent the most commonly used treatment option for patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In the past, these compounds were mainly formulated and tested for intravenous or oral administration. Intratympanic application is increasingly being used, often as salvage treatment. The most suitable corticosteroid for local application has yet to be identified. Trials have suggested that triamcinolone acetonide has superior molecular properties for this treatment modality.
METHODS: The main aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the first audiometric results of patients diagnosed with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and treated simultaneously with systemic prednisolone and intratympanic triamcinolone acetonide. This data was then compared to systemic treatment only, as well as to historic cohorts treated intratympanically with widely used corticosteroids, namely dexamethasone or methylprednisolone.
RESULTS: 90 patients received intravenous prednisolone only, and 89 individuals underwent intravenous treatment combined with three to four simultaneous intratympanic applications of triamcinolone. Eight patients received intratympanic triamcinolone as first-line treatment. After adjusting data for sex, time since onset, age, and severity of hearing loss, no statistically significant difference between the two main treatment groups could be identified. No major adverse events were observed, specifically no otitis media or persistent vertigo. Two perforated tympanic membranes healed spontaneously within several days.
CONCLUSION: While the exact role of intratympanic injections requires additional trials, triamcinolone resulted in similar outcomes compared to studies using dexamethasone or methylprednisolone. Due to favorable pharmacological properties, triamcinolone represents a safe and efficacious alternative for intratympanic treatment in idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss.
PMID: 31192900 [PubMed – in process]
https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/2019/07000/Intratympanic_Triamcinolone_Acetonide_as_Treatment.4.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31192900?dopt=Abstract
Intratympanic Triamcinolone Acetonide as Treatment Option for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
Otol Neurotol. 2019 Jul;40(6):720-727
Authors: Dahm V, Nieratschker M, Riss D, Kaider A, Auinger A, Honeder C, Arnoldner C
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Corticosteroids represent the most commonly used treatment option for patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. In the past, these compounds were mainly formulated and tested for intravenous or oral administration. Intratympanic application is increasingly being used, often as salvage treatment. The most suitable corticosteroid for local application has yet to be identified. Trials have suggested that triamcinolone acetonide has superior molecular properties for this treatment modality.
METHODS: The main aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the first audiometric results of patients diagnosed with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and treated simultaneously with systemic prednisolone and intratympanic triamcinolone acetonide. This data was then compared to systemic treatment only, as well as to historic cohorts treated intratympanically with widely used corticosteroids, namely dexamethasone or methylprednisolone.
RESULTS: 90 patients received intravenous prednisolone only, and 89 individuals underwent intravenous treatment combined with three to four simultaneous intratympanic applications of triamcinolone. Eight patients received intratympanic triamcinolone as first-line treatment. After adjusting data for sex, time since onset, age, and severity of hearing loss, no statistically significant difference between the two main treatment groups could be identified. No major adverse events were observed, specifically no otitis media or persistent vertigo. Two perforated tympanic membranes healed spontaneously within several days.
CONCLUSION: While the exact role of intratympanic injections requires additional trials, triamcinolone resulted in similar outcomes compared to studies using dexamethasone or methylprednisolone. Due to favorable pharmacological properties, triamcinolone represents a safe and efficacious alternative for intratympanic treatment in idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss.
PMID: 31192900 [PubMed – in process]
https://elifesciences.org/articles/47613
A counter gradient of Activin A and follistatin instructs the timing of hair cell differentiation in the murine cochlea
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/06/190611133953.htm
Drug to treat malaria could mitigate hereditary hearing loss
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31195050?dopt=Abstract
Gene Editing Based Hearing Impairment Research and Therapeutics.
Neurosci Lett. 2019 Jun 10;:134326
Authors: Kang W, Sun Z, Zhao X, Wang X, Tao Y, Wu H
Abstract
Hearing impairment affects 1 in 500 newborns worldwide and nearly one out of three people over the age of 65 (WHO, 2019). Hereditary hearing loss is the most common type of congenital deafness; genetic factors also affect deafness susceptibility. Gene therapies may preserve or restore natural sound perception, and have rescued deafness in multiple hereditary murine models. CRISPR-Cas9 and base editors (BEs) are newly developed gene-editing technologies that can facilitate gene studies in the inner ear and provide therapeutic approaches for hearing impairment. Here, we present recent applications of gene editing in the inner ear.
PMID: 31195050 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03974867?type=Intr&cond=Hearing+Loss&lupd_s=05%2F22%2F2019&lupd_d=14&sort=nwst
Conditions : Vestibular Vertigo; Sudden Hearing Loss
Interventions : Drug: Prednisone 5Mg Tab; Drug: Methylprednisolone 40 mg
Sponsor : Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University
Not yet recruiting
Vestibular Prognosis Assessment of ISSNHL With Vestibular Dysfunction Treated With Oral or Intratympanic Glucocorticoids
NCT03974867
Wed, 05 Jun 2019 12:00:00 EDT
Last Update Posted: 06/05/19 07:52AM
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0041008X19302066?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31153898?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Evaluation of brain SERT with 4-[18F]-ADAM/micro-PET and hearing protective effects of dextromethorphan in hearing loss rat model.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 May 30;:114604
Authors: Liu CT, Huang YS, Chen HC, Ma KH, Wang CH, Chiu CH, Shih JH, Kang HH, Shiue CY, Li IH
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of dextromethorphan (DXM) on noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in rats. This study aimed to improve the auditory threshold and to understand the protective effects of DXM against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-induced neurite degeneration of serotonergic neurons. The animals were exposed to 8-kHz narrowband noise at a 118-dB sound pressure level for 3.5 h. The hearing thresholds were determined by measuring the auditory brainstem response to click stimuli. Serotonin transporter (SERT) expression was determined through micro-positron emission tomography (PET) using N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-18F-fluorophenylthio)benzylamine (4-[18F]-ADAM). We also investigated the effects of DXM on NMDA-induced morphological changes in the primary cultures of rat serotonergic neurons. NIHL significantly improved after prophylactic treatment with DXM (p < .05). SERT density in DXM-treated rats was significantly higher than that in non-DXM-treated rats. Because prophylactic medication restored the NMDA-inhibited neurite length of serotonergic neurons and presented SERT density, DXM could be a potential agent in alleviating NIHL. PMID: 31153898 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
https://www.apnews.com/Business%20Wire/d2f0d4c0a9864ab795c75f837f1792b0
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0300060519847860
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31130031?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Role of viral infection in sudden hearing loss.
J Int Med Res. 2019 May 27;:300060519847860
Authors: Chen X, Fu YY, Zhang TY
Abstract
According to a recent epidemiological survey, the incidence of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is increasing yearly. The cause of SSNHL is of great interest in research. To date, viral infection, vascular occlusion, abnormal cellular stress responses within the cochlea, and immune-mediated mechanisms are considered the most likely etiologies of this disease. Among these etiologies, the relationship between viral infection and sudden deafness has been unclear. In this review, we mainly discuss the viral hypothesis of SSNHL. There is little research proving or clearly indicating the pathogenesis of this disease. Further research is needed to elucidate the precise etiopathogenesis to better understand SSNHL and establish more suitable treatment to help restore hearing in affected patients.
PMID: 31130031 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://systematicreviewsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13643-019-1015-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31128597?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Mesenchymal stem cells for sensorineural hearing loss: protocol for a systematic review of preclinical studies.
Syst Rev. 2019 May 25;8(1):126
Authors: Chorath KT, Willis MJ, Morton-Gonzaba N, Humann WJ, Moreira A
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is the most common form of hearing impairment and is characterized by a loss of receptor hair cells and/or spiral ganglion neurons. Regenerative stem cell therapy could potentially restore normal hearing and slow the progression of hearing loss in patients. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a promising new therapy for this condition. These findings have prompted investigators to begin human clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of MSCs for the treatment of SNHL. The objective of the proposed systematic review is to examine the efficacy of MSCs as a therapy for SNHL in animal models.
METHODS: We will include preclinical animal studies of SNHL in which MSCs are administered, and outcomes are compared against MSC-naïve controls. The primary outcome will include audiologic tests that are routinely used in experimental studies of hearing loss, such as auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions testing (DPOAE). Secondary outcomes will include histology, microscopy, gene protein expression, and behavioral responses of animals. Electronic searches of MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) will be performed. Search results will be screened independently and in duplicate. Data from eligible studies will be extracted, pooled, and analyzed using random effects models. Risk of bias and publication bias will be assessed using the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool and Funnel Plots/Egger’s regression tests, respectively.
DISCUSSION: This systematic review will provide a summary of the efficacy of MSC therapy in animal models of SNHL, utilizing functional hearing assessment as a primary outcome. Findings from this review are important because they can elucidate research gaps that should be addressed in future preclinical studies and in turn can be translated into clinical studies.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: CAMARADES ( http://www.dcn.ed.ac.uk/camarades/ ).
PMID: 31128597 [PubMed – in process]
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00016489.2019.1614222?journalCode=ioto20
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31124732?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Intratympanic steroids for combined treatment of idiopathic sudden hearing loss: when is it too late?
Acta Otolaryngol. 2019 May 24;:1-4
Authors: Amarillo E, Navarro A, Hernández-García E, Plaza G
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) requires early treatment. Objective: To describe our experience on intratympanic steroid treatment (ITS) of ISSNHL analyzing the delay to start therapy as prognostic factor. Material and methods: We perform a retrospective study on ISSNHL treated with systemic steroids without full recovery on PTA (pure tone average) according to Siegel criteria. They were divided into two different groups: one group that additionally received ITS as combined therapy (treatment group), and another without it (control group). We analyzed the hearing recovery at 6 months and 2 years, and the influence of the delay to start ITS in the recovery. Results: After ITS was added, further complete recovery was achieved in 10 patients of the treatment group. After 6 months, PTA improvement in the treatment group was 10.84 dB, compared to 1.13 dB in the control group (p<.0001). Nevertheless, patients starting such combination of oral steroids and ITS within 8 days of diagnosis had an additional gain of 15 dB in the first 6 months, that increased to 19.17 dB after 24 months (p<.022). Conclusions: When ITS was added within the first 8 days, a significantly better and more stable response was obtained. PMID: 31124732 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31122277?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Association of anemia with sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BMC Res Notes. 2019 May 23;12(1):283
Authors: Mohammed SH, Shab-Bidar S, Abuzerr S, Habtewold TD, Alizadeh S, Djafarian K
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Evidence shows that anemic individuals are at a higher risk of hearing loss. However, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis study. Thus, we aimed to meta-analyze the existing evidence on the association of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception through October 30, 2017, for studies done on the association of the IDA with SNHL. Pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated by random effect meta-analysis method. Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 metrics.
RESULT: Four studies, covering a total of 344,080 adults and children, were included. The odds of SNHL was higher by 55% in individuals with IDA, compared with individuals without IDA (OR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.17-2.06; P = 0.03). The age-specific ORs were 1.36 (95% CI 1.15-1.61; P = 0.27) and 3.67 (95% CI 1.72-7.84) for adults and children, respectively. IDA may be a contributing factor to hearing loss. Further studies are warranted, including whether IDA treatment reduces the risk of hearing loss. Meanwhile, hearing loss screening in anemic individuals, or vice versa, may represent an important consideration. PROSPERO registration CRD42017082108.
PMID: 31122277 [PubMed – in process]
https://finance.yahoo.com/news/rinri-therapeutics-secures-1-4-060000946.html
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00405-019-05469-7
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31111252?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
The use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute hearing loss: a narrative review.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 May 20;:
Authors: Bayoumy AB, de Ru JA
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Acute hearing loss can have a major impact on a patient’s life. This holds true for both acute acoustic trauma (AAT) and idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL), two devastating conditions for which no highly effective treatment options exist. This narrative review provides the rationale and evidence for HBOT in AAT and ISSHL.
METHODS: Narrative review of all the literature available on HBOT in acute hearing loss, studies were retrieved from systematic searches on PubMed and by cross referencing.
DISCUSSION: First, the etiological mechanisms of acute hearing loss and the mechanism of action of HBOT were discussed. Furthermore, we have provided an overview of 68 studies that clinically investigated the effect of HBOT in the last couple of decades. For future studies, it is recommend to start as early as possible with therapy, preferably within 48 h and to use combination therapy consisting of HBOT and corticosteroids.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: HBOT has been used quite extensively for acute hearing loss in the last couple of decades. Based on the amount of studies showing a positive effect, HBOT should be discussed with patients (shared decision making) as optional therapy in case of AAT and ISSHL.
PMID: 31111252 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869419300357
Stem-cell therapy for hearing loss: are we there yet?
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-laryngology-and-otology/article/effect-of-intratympanic-oxytocin-treatment-on-rats-exposed-to-acoustic-trauma/DE3B7A3BDBC0086FA738A1D40592FCFA
The effect of intratympanic oxytocin treatment on rats exposed to acoustic trauma
F C Akin Ocal (a1), G G Kesici (a2), S G Gurgen (a3), R Ocal (a2) …
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215119001014Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 May 2019
https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/05/14/1817500116
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31097578?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Unconventional secretory pathway activation restores hair cell mechanotransduction in an USH3A model.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 May 16;:
Authors: Gopal SR, Lee YT, Stepanyan R, McDermott BM, Alagramam KN
Abstract
The pathogenic variant c.144T>G (p.N48K) in the clarin1 gene (CLRN1) results in progressive loss of vision and hearing in Usher syndrome IIIA (USH3A) patients. CLRN1 is predicted to be an essential protein in hair bundles, the mechanosensory structure of hair cells critical for hearing and balance. When expressed in animal models, CLRN1 localizes to the hair bundle, whereas glycosylation-deficient CLRN1N48K aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum, with only a fraction reaching the bundle. We hypothesized that the small amount of CLRN1N48K that reaches the hair bundle does so via an unconventional secretory pathway and that activation of this pathway could be therapeutic. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we find that clarin1 knockout (clrn1 KO/KO ) zebrafish that express the CLRN1 c.144T>G pathogenic variant display progressive hair cell dysfunction, and that CLRN1N48K is trafficked to the hair bundle via the GRASP55 cargo-dependent unconventional secretory pathway (GCUSP). On expression of GRASP55 mRNA, or on exposure to the drug artemisinin (which activates GCUSP), the localization of CLRN1N48K to the hair bundles was enhanced. Artemisinin treatment also effectively restored hair cell mechanotransduction and attenuated progressive hair cell dysfunction in clrn1 KO/KO larvae that express CLRN1 c.144T>G , highlighting the potential of artemisinin to prevent sensory loss in CLRN1 c.144T>G patients.
PMID: 31097578 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304394019303404?via%3Dihub
Functional alteration of ribbon synapses in inner hair cells by noise exposure causing hidden hearing loss
Huihui Liu 1, Jiawen Lu 1, Zhongying Wang 1, Lei Song 1, Xueling Wang 2, Geng-Lin Li 3, Hao Wu 4
Affiliations expand
PMID: 31103727 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.05.022
https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/2019/06000/Hearing_Protection,_Restoration,_and_Regeneration_.2.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083073?dopt=Abstract
Hearing Protection, Restoration, and Regeneration: An Overview of Emerging Therapeutics for Inner Ear and Central Hearing Disorders.
Otol Neurotol
Related Articles
Hearing Protection, Restoration, and Regeneration: An Overview of Emerging Therapeutics for Inner Ear and Central Hearing Disorders.
Otol Neurotol. 2019 Jun;40(5):559-570
Authors: Schilder AGM, Su MP, Blackshaw H, Lustig L, Staecker H, Lenarz T, Safieddine S, Gomes-Santos CS, Holme R, Warnecke A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies active in the field of inner ear and central hearing disorders and their therapeutic approaches.
METHODS: Scientific and grey literature was searched using broad search terms to identify companies and their hearing-related therapeutic approaches. For each approach its lead indication, product, therapeutic modality, target, mechanism of action and current phase of clinical development was collated.
RESULTS: A total of 43 biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies have been identified that are developing therapeutics for inner ear and central hearing disorders. Their therapeutics include drug-, cell- and gene-based approaches to prevent hearing loss or its progression, restore hearing, and regenerate the inner ear. Their therapeutic targets and specific mechanisms of action are wide-ranging, reflecting the complexity of the hearing pathways and the diversity of mechanisms underlying inner ear disorders. While none of the novel products under investigation have yet made it to the clinical market, and a large proportion are still at preclinical phase, many therapeutics have already entered clinical testing with more expected to do so in the next few years.
CONCLUSION: A wide range of novel therapeutics targeting different hearing, balance and tinnitus pathways, and patient populations are approaching the clinical domain. It is important that clinicians involved in the care of patients with hearing loss prepare for what may become a radically different approach to the management of hearing disorders, and develop a true understanding of the new therapies’ mechanisms of action, applications, and indications.
PMID: 31083073 [PubMed – in process]
PubMed:31083073
https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/fulltext/2019/06000/Efficacy_and_Safety_of_AM_111_in_the_Treatment_of.6.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31083077?dopt=Abstract
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Efficacy and Safety of AM-111 in the Treatment of Acute Unilateral Sudden Deafness-A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase 3 Study.
Otol Neurotol. 2019 Jun;40(5):584-594
Authors: Staecker H, Jokovic G, Karpishchenko S, Kienle-Gogolok A, Krzyzaniak A, Lin CD, Navratil P, Tzvetkov V, Wright N, Meyer T
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To confirm the efficacy and safety of AM-111 (brimapitide), a cell-penetrating c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) inhibitor, in patients suffering from severe to profound acute unilateral idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 study with follow-up visits on Days 3, 7, 28, and 91.
SETTING: Fifty-one European and Asian sites (tertiary referral centers, private ENT practices).
PATIENTS: Two hundred fifty-six patients aged 18 to 65 years presenting within 72 hours following ISSNHL onset with mean hearing loss ≥ 40 dB and mean threshold ≥ 60 dB at the 3 worst affected contiguous test frequencies.
INTERVENTIONS: Single-dose intratympanic injection of AM-111 (0.4 or 0.8 mg/ml) or placebo; oral prednisolone as reserve therapy if hearing improvement < 10 dB at Day 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hearing improvement to Day 28 was the primary efficacy endpoint; complete hearing recovery, frequency of reserve therapy used, complete tinnitus remission, improvement in word recognition were secondary endpoints. Safety was evaluated by the frequency of clinically relevant hearing deterioration and adverse events. RESULTS: While the primary efficacy endpoint was not met in the overall study population, post-hoc analysis showed a clinically relevant and nominally significant treatment effect for AM-111 0.4 mg/ml in patients with profound ISSNHL. The study drug and the administration procedure were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: AM-111 provides effective otoprotection in case of profound ISSNHL. Activation of the JNK stress kinase, AM-111's pharmacologic target, seems to set in only following pronounced acute cochlear injury associated with large hearing threshold shifts. PMID: 31083077 [PubMed - in process]
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0003489419837562?journalCode=aora
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31092042?dopt=Abstract
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Intratympanically Delivered Steroids Impact Thousands More Inner Ear Genes Than Systemic Delivery.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2019 Jun;128(6_suppl):134S-138S
Authors: Trune DR, Shives KD, Hausman F, Kempton JB, MacArthur CJ, Choi D
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Glucocorticoids are given for sensorineural hearing loss, but little is known of their molecular impact on the inner ear. Furthermore, in spite of claims of improved hearing recovery with intratympanic delivery of steroids, no studies have actually documented the inner ear molecular functions that are enhanced with this delivery method.
METHODS: To assess steroid-driven processes in the inner ear, gene chip analyses were conducted on mice treated systemically with the glucocorticoids prednisolone or dexamethasone or the mineralocorticoid aldosterone. Other mice were given the same steroids intratympanically. Inner ears were harvested at 6 hours and processed on the Affymetrix 430 2.0 Gene Chip for expression of its 34 000 genes. Results were statistically analyzed for up or down expression of each gene against control (untreated) mice.
RESULTS: Analyses showed approximately 17 500 genes are normally expressed in the inner ear and steroids alter expression of 55% to 82% of these. Dexamethasone changed expression of 9424 (53.9%) inner ear genes following systemic injection but 14 899 ear genes (85%) if given intratympanically. A similar pattern was seen with prednisolone, as 7560 genes were impacted by oral delivery and 11 164 genes (63.8%) when given intratympanically. The mineralocorticoid aldosterone changed expression of only 268 inner ear genes if given orally, but this increased to 10 124 genes (57.9%) if injected intratympanically. Furthermore, the glucocorticoids given actually impacted more inner ear genes via the mineralocorticoid receptor than the glucocorticoid receptor.
CONCLUSIONS: Thousands of inner ear genes were affected by steroids, and this number increased significantly if steroids were delivered intratympanically. Also, the impact of glucocorticoids on inner ear mineralocorticoid functions is more substantial than previously known. Thus, the application of therapeutic steroids for hearing loss needs to be reassessed in light of their more comprehensive impact on inner ear genes. Furthermore, simply ascribing the efficacy of steroids to immunosuppression no longer appears to be warranted.
PMID: 31092042 [PubMed – in process]
https://pubs.asha.org/doi/10.1044/2019_AJA-18-0127
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31084569?dopt=Abstract
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Recovery From Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss May Be Linked to Chronic Stress Levels and Steroid Treatment Resistance.
Am J Audiol. 2019 May 14;:1-7
Authors: Ajduk J, Košec A, Kelava I, Ries M, Gregurić T, Kalogjera L
Abstract
Purpose This article investigates the possible connections between the level of chronic stress and success of steroid therapy in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). Method A single-center, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study on 55 patients in a tertiary referral otology center was examined. Patients diagnosed with SSNHL between 2014 and 2017 were asked to complete a Measure of Perceived Stress (Brajac, Tkalcic, Dragojević, & Gruber, 2003 ) questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were patients > 18 years of age, SSNHL diagnosed within 4 previous weeks, completed steroid treatment, and complete documentation. Results There were 30 patients (55%) that showed significant improvement in their pure-tone audiogram (PTA) hearing threshold average (≥ 15 dB) after steroid treatment. Two-step cluster analysis identified 3 clusters based on average PTA hearing threshold recovery and average Measure of Perceived Stress scores. The difference between pretreatment and posttreatment hearing levels was significantly higher in the cluster with moderate stress compared to clusters with mild and high stress levels (Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman test, p < .001). There were no significant differences in average PTA hearing threshold recovery after steroid therapy between groups of patients with mild and severe stress. Conclusion Patients with moderate stress levels show significantly better results after steroid treatment for SSNHL than patients with low or high stress levels. PMID: 31084569 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00177/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31139049?dopt=Abstract
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Stem Cell Based Drug Delivery for Protection of Auditory Neurons in a Guinea Pig Model of Cochlear Implantation.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2019;13:177
Authors: Scheper V, Hoffmann A, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Hamm A, Pannier C, Hubka P, Lenarz T, Schwieger J
Abstract
Background: The success of a cochlear implant (CI), which is the standard therapy for patients suffering from severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss, depends on the number and excitability of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has a protective effect on SGNs but should be applied chronically to guarantee their lifelong survival. Long-term administration of BDNF could be achieved using genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but these cells should be protected – by ultra-high viscous (UHV-) alginate (‘alginate-MSCs’) – from the recipient immune system and from uncontrolled migration. Methods: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs were encapsulated in UHV-alginate. Four experimental groups were investigated using guinea pigs as an animal model. Three of them were systemically deafened and (unilaterally) received one of the following: (I) a CI; (II) an alginate-MSC-coated CI; (III) an injection of alginate-embedded MSCs into the scala tympani followed by CI insertion and alginate polymerization. Group IV was normal hearing, with CI insertion in both ears and a unilateral injection of alginate-MSCs. Using acoustically evoked auditory brainstem response measurements, hearing thresholds were determined before implantation and before sacrificing the animals. Electrode impedance was measured weekly. Four weeks after implantation, the animals were sacrificed and the SGN density and degree of fibrosis were evaluated. Results: The MSCs survived being implanted for 4 weeks in vivo. Neither the alginate-MSC injection nor the coating affected electrode impedance or fibrosis. CI insertion with and without previous alginate injection in normal-hearing animals resulted in increased hearing thresholds within the high-frequency range. Low-frequency hearing loss was additionally observed in the alginate-injected and implanted cochleae, but not in those treated only with a CI. In deafened animals, the alginate-MSC coating of the CI significantly prevented SGN from degeneration, but the injection of alginate-MSCs did not. Conclusion: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor-producing MSCs encapsulated in UHV-alginate prevent SGNs from degeneration in the form of coating on the CI surface, but not in the form of an injection. No increase in fibrosis or impedance was detected. Further research and development aimed at verifying long-term mechanical and biological properties of coated electrodes in vitro and in vivo, in combination with chronic electrical stimulation, is needed before the current concept can be tested in clinical trials.
PMID: 31139049 [PubMed]
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2019/7915730/abs/
Rosiglitazone Improves Glucocorticoid Resistance in a Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss by Promoting MAP Kinase Phosphatase-1 Expression
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02132130?type=Intr
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163725819300774?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31075354?dopt=Abstract
New molecular therapies for the treatment of hearing loss.
Pharmacol Ther. 2019 May 07;:
Authors: Ma Y, Wise AK, Shepherd RK, Richardson RT
Abstract
An estimated 466 million people suffer from hearing loss worldwide. Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by degeneration of key structures of the sensory pathway in the cochlea such as the sensory hair cells, the primary auditory neurons and their synaptic connection to the hair cells – the ribbon synapse. Various strategies to protect or regenerate these sensory cells and structures are the subject of intensive research. Yet despite recent advances in our understandings of the capacity of the cochlea for repair and regeneration there are currently no pharmacological or biological interventions for hearing loss. Current research focusses on localized cochlear drug, gene and cell-based therapies. One of the more promising drug-based therapies is based on neurotrophic factors for the repair of the ribbon synapse after noise exposure, as well as preventing loss of primary auditory neurons and regrowth of the auditory neuron fibers after severe hearing loss. Drug therapy delivery technologies are being employed to address the specific needs of neurotrophin and other therapies for hearing loss that include the need for high doses, long-term delivery, localised or cell-specific targeting and techniques for their safe and efficacious delivery to the cochlea. Novel biomaterials are enabling high payloads of drugs to be administered to the cochlea with subsequent slow-release properties that are proving to be beneficial for treating hearing loss. In parallel, new gene therapy technologies are addressing the need for cell specificity and high efficacy for the treatment of both genetic and acquired hearing loss with promising reports of hearing recovery. Some biomaterials and cell therapies are being used in conjunction with the cochlear implant ensuring therapeutic benefit to the primary neurons during electrical stimulation. This review will introduce the auditory system, hearing loss and the potential for repair and regeneration in the cochlea. Drug delivery to the cochlea will then be reviewed, with a focus on new biomaterials, gene therapy technologies, cell therapy and the use of the cochlear implant as a vehicle for drug delivery. With the current pre-clinical research effort into therapies for hearing loss, including clinical trials for gene therapy, the future for the treatment for hearing loss is looking bright.
PMID: 31075354 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378595518305367?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31096078?dopt=Abstract
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The TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation in cochlear inflammation of rats with noise-induced hearing loss.
Hear Res. 2019 08;379:59-68
Authors: Zhang G, Zheng H, Pyykko I, Zou J
Abstract
The TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in innate immunity and inflammation induced by trauma. The present study aimed to investigate possible TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation in the cochlea associated with acoustic trauma that might induce cochlear inflammation. A total of 72 rats were exposed to white noise at 120 dB SPL for 8 h per day repeated over 2 successive days. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were measured in animals before noise exposure and 0 d (PE0), 1 d (PE1), 3 d (PE3), 7 d (PE7), and 14 d (PE14) after noise exposure. At each defined time point, animals were sacrificed, and cochleae were collected to evaluate the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, cytoplasmic NF-κB p65, IκBα, TNF-α, and IL-1β using western blotting and NF-κB p65 transcriptional activity using an NF-κB p65 Transcription Factor Assay Kit. Cochlear localizations of TLR-4, TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed using immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded slices. The nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining in paraffin-embedded slices. DNA fragmentation was measured with a TUNEL assay in paraffin-embedded slices. We found a stable permanent threshold shift after noise exposure. After noise exposure, expression levels of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly upregulated (PE3); DNA binding activity of NF-κB p65 was also significantly enhanced (PE3), while the cytoplasmic NF-κB p65 levels were unchanged. TLR-4, TNF-α, and IL-1β immunostaining intensities were substantially enhanced in spiral ganglion cells and spiral ligament fibrocytes after noise exposure (PE3). In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway is activated in noise-exposed cochleae and that it participates in noise-induced cochlear inflammation.
PMID: 31096078 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Project Number: 1F31DC018198-01
Contact PI / Project Leader: GILELS, FELICIA AILEEN
Title: THE ROLE OF NOTCH SIGNALING IN THE MAINTENANCE AND FUNCTION OF COCHLEAR SENSORY CELLS
Awardee Organization: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
The six sensory organs of the mammalian inner ear function to mediate hearing and balance. Mechanosensory hair cells, supporting cells, and spiral ganglion neurons are three essential cell types that comprise the inner ear sensory regions. Hearing loss is commonly caused by damage to these essential cell types which, in mammals, lack the capacity to regenerate. Thus, identifying signaling pathways that are involved in the development and maintenance of these cell types is of great importance. Notch has been shown to play two essential roles in embryonic inner ear sensory development: 1) establishes the prosensory progenitors that give rise to hair cells and supporting cells, and 2) mediates which cell fate is adopted by the sensory precursor, either hair cell or supporting cell. Despite these important early roles, there is a limited understanding of the function of Notch signaling postnatally. The Notch ligand Jagged1 (JAG1) has dynamic expression throughout inner ear development, and is the only reported Notch ligand maintained into adulthood where it is expressed in supporting cells. Here, to understand the role of JAG1-Notch signaling in the postnatal inner ear we utilize a Cre/loxP recombination system to conditionally delete either JAG1 or Notch receptors in supporting cells at postnatal day (P)0/P1 and assess for effects on hearing and cochlear morphology. Preliminary results indicate that JAG1 signaling is required postnatally for normal hearing function, as Sox2-Jag1cko mice display a specific form of hearing loss termed auditory neuropathy, that specifically affects the inner hair cell pathway. In Aim 1, we will determine how JAG1 signaling functions in maturation and/or maintenance of the postnatal cochlea and test our hypothesis that postnatal JAG1 signaling influences stereocilia morphogenesis and/or maintenance. In Aim 2, we will identify the Notch receptor mediating the effects of JAG1 in the postnatal cochlea and test the hypothesis that JAG1 signals through the Notch1 and/or Notch2 receptor(s) in postnatal cochlear supporting cells. Our preliminary data suggests Notch1 may be the predominant JAG1 receptor as Sox2-Notch1cko mice show profound deafness at 6-weeks of age. These studies will elucidate novel functions for JAG1-Notch signaling in hearing maturation and/or maintenance in the postnatal cochlea.
Hearing and vestibular disorders commonly occur from loss or damage to critical cell types (mechanosensitive hair cells, supporting cells, and spiral ganglion neurons), which in mature mammals are not replaced. Potential therapeutic strategies to treat these disorders may involve cell replacement or regenerative therapies; however, a prerequisite for this approach is the identification of signaling pathways involved in the development and maintenance of these cell types. Elucidating novel functions for JAG1-Notch signaling, previously implicated in establishing embryonic prosensory progenitors and mediating progenitor cell fate adaptation, will create insights into the molecular mechanisms of hearing maturation/maintenance in the postnatal cochlea; this knowledge will provide a platform for future therapies designed to restore inner ear function.
https://projectreporter.nih.gov/project_info_description.cfm?aid=9833706
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02903355?type=Intr&cond=Hearing+Loss&lupd_s=04%2F15%2F2019&lupd_d=14&sort=nwst
Condition : Noise-induced Hearing Loss
Interventions : Drug: D-methionine; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor : Southern Illinois University
Terminated
Phase 3 Clinical Trial: D-methionine to Reduce Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
NCT02903355
Fri, 16 Sep 2016 12:00:00 EDT
Last Update Posted: 04/29/19 08:25AM
https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0039-1684045
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31036993?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Otoprotectants: From Research to Clinical Application.
Semin Hear. 2019 May;40(2):162-176
Authors: Le Prell CG
Abstract
There is an urgent need for otoprotective drug agents. Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss continues to be a major challenge for military personnel and workers in a variety of industries despite the requirements that at-risk individuals use hearing protection devices such as ear plugs or ear muffs. Drug-induced hearing loss is also a major quality-of-life issue with many patients experiencing clinically significant hearing loss as a side effect of treatment with life-saving drug agents such as cisplatin and aminoglycoside antibiotics. There are no pharmaceutical agents approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the purpose of protecting the inner ear against damage, and preventing associated hearing loss (otoprotection). However, a variety of preclinical studies have suggested promise, with some supporting data from clinical trials now being available as well. Additional research within this promising area is urgently needed.
PMID: 31036993 [PubMed]
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jat.3806
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31021006?dopt=Abstract
Baicalin attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cell ototoxicity.
J Appl Toxicol. 2019 Apr 25;:
Authors: Zhang X, Yu J
Abstract
Gentamicin can lead to cochlear hair cells associated ototoxicity by inducing apoptosis and oxidative stress, which can be alleviated by baicalin, one flavonoid extracted from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis. The role of baicalin in protecting gentamicin-induced hearing loss is unclear. Interference with oxidative stress was investigated in this study using House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti1 (HEI-OC1) cells, which were simultaneously treated with baicalin (0-400 μm) and gentamicin (0.2 or 1 mm). MTT was used to assay cell viability and apoptosis was detected with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate staining. The production of reactive oxygen species was indicated by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity and mitochondrial depolarization was assayed by JC1-mitochondrial membrane potential assay. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved-caspase 3 and cleaved-PARP expression were analyzed with western blot. Baicalin improved the viability of HEI-OC1 cells and significantly reduced the oxidative stress and mitochondrial depolarization compared with the gentamicin treatment group. Gentamicin treatment increased the activation of PARP and caspase-3, while such an increase could be downregulated by baicalin. Baicalin attenuates gentamicin-induced cochlear hair cells ototoxicity, and such inhibition may be mediated by the regulation of reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase-3 and PARP activation.
PMID: 31021006 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31029730?dopt=Abstract
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452219302714?via%3Dihub
Cav3.2 T-Type Calcium Channels Are Physiologically Mandatory For The Auditory System.
Neuroscience. 2019 Apr 25;:
Authors: Lundt A, Seidel R, Soós J, Henseler C, Müller R, Bakki M, Arshaad MI, Ehninger D, Hescheler J, Sachinidis A, Broich K, Wormuth C, Papazoglou A, Weiergräber M
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) play key roles in auditory perception and information processing within the inner ear and brainstem. Pharmacological inhibition of low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type Ca2+ channels is related to both age- and noise induced hearing loss in experimental animals and may represent a promising approach to the treatment of auditory impairment of various etiologies. Within the LVA Ca2+ channel subgroup, Cav3.2 is the most prominently expressed T-type channel entity in the cochlea and auditory brainstem. Thus, we performed a complete gender specific click and tone burst based auditory brainstem response (ABR) analysis of Cav3.2+/- and Cav3.2-/- mice, including i.a. temporal progression in hearing loss, amplitude growth function and wave latency analysis as well as a cochlear qPCR based evaluation of other VGCCs transcripts. Our results, based on a self-programmed automated wavelet approach, demonstrate that both heterozygous and Cav3.2 null mutant mice exhibit age-dependent increases in hearing thresholds at 5 months of age. In addition, complex alterations in WI-IV amplitudes and latencies were detected that were not attributable to alterations in the expression of other VGCCs in the auditory tract. Our results clearly demonstrate the important physiological role of Cav3.2 VGCCs in the spatiotemporal organization of auditory processing in young adult mice and suggest potential pharmacological targets for interventions in the future.
PMID: 31029730 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00155/full
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/8/4/109
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31022870?dopt=Abstract
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Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants for Treatment of Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2019 Apr 24;8(4):
Authors: Fujimoto C, Yamasoba T
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the etiologies of sensorineural hearing loss, such as age-related hearing loss, noise- and ototoxic drug-induced hearing loss, as well as hearing loss due to mitochondrial gene mutation. Mitochondria are the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced oxidative stress is involved in cochlear damage. Moreover, the release of ROS causes further damage to mitochondrial components. Antioxidants are thought to counteract the deleterious effects of ROS and thus, may be effective for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. The administration of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants is one of the drug delivery systems targeted to mitochondria. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are expected to help in the prevention and/or treatment of diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Of the various mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, the protective effects of MitoQ and SkQR1 against ototoxicity have been previously evaluated in animal models and/or mouse auditory cell lines. MitoQ protects against both gentamicin- and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. SkQR1 also provides auditory protective effects against gentamicin-induced ototoxicity. On the other hand, decreasing effect of MitoQ on gentamicin-induced cell apoptosis in auditory cell lines has been controversial. No clinical studies have been reported for otoprotection using mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. High-quality clinical trials are required to reveal the therapeutic effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in terms of otoprotection in patients.
PMID: 31022870 [PubMed]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0197458019301101
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21691401.2019.1573182
https://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/news/frequency-fx-322-hearing-restoration-data/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13311-019-00729-0
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30972560?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Antisense Oligonucleotides for the Treatment of Inner Ear Dysfunction.
Neurotherapeutics. 2019 Apr 10;:
Authors: Hastings ML, Jones TA
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have shown potential as therapeutic molecules for the treatment of inner ear dysfunction. The peripheral sensory organs responsible for both hearing and equilibrium are housed within the inner ear. Hearing loss and vestibular balance problems affect a large portion of the population and limited treatment options exist. Targeting ASOs to the inner ear as a therapeutic strategy has unique pharmacokinetic and drug delivery opportunities and challenges. Here, we review ASO technology, delivery, disease targets, and other key considerations for development of this therapeutic approach.
PMID: 30972560 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.fiercebiotech.com/biotech/frequency-shows-early-positive-results-for-small-molecule-hearing-loss-therapy
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00405-019-05417-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30955065?dopt=Abstract
Protective and therapeutic effects of milrinone on acoustic trauma in rat cochlea.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Apr 06;:
Authors: Ceylan SM, Uysal E, Altinay S, Sezgin E, Bilal N, Petekkaya E, Dokur M, Kanmaz MA, Gulbagci ME
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective and therapeutic effects of milrinone, a specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitor, on acoustic trauma-induced cochlear injury and apoptosis.
METHODS: A total number of 30 healthy Wistar albino rats were evenly divided into five groups as follows: group 1 was assigned as control group; group 2 and 3 were assigned as low-dosage groups (0.25 mg/kg) in which milrinone was administered 1 h before acoustic trauma (AT) and 2 h after AT, respectively; group 4 and 5 were assigned as high-dosage groups (0.50 mg/kg) in which the drug was administered 1 h before AT and 2 h after AT, respectively. Except control group, all treatment groups received a single dosage of milrinone for 5 days. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) measurements were recorded before AT as well as at second and fifth post-traumatic days. At the end of fifth day, all rats were sacrificed and the cochlea of the rats was removed for histopathological evaluation. In addition, the groups were compared in terms of apoptotic index via caspase-3 staining.
RESULTS: In terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), there was no statistically significant difference among the groups following AT (p > 0.05). After 5 days of milrinone treatment, the best SNR values were found in group 5, though all groups did not statistically differ (p > 0.05). In histopathological evaluation, vacuolization, inflammation, and edema scores in all treatment groups were statistically lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). In group 2 and 4 where the drug was administered before AT, the inflammation and apoptosis index was lower than those of group 3 and 5 where the drug was administered after AT (p < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION: We reveal that milrinone has a protective effect on cochlear damage in the experimental acoustic model of rats. This protective effect was more apparent following the pre-traumatic milrinone administration, and is associated with its effect on decreasing inflammation and apoptosis. Based on DPOAE measurements following AT, especially in the group 5 (high-dosage group), milrinone may also have a therapeutic effect.
PMID: 30955065 [PubMed – as supplied by publisher]
https://www.cell.com/molecular-therapy-family/molecular-therapy/fulltext/S1525-0016(19)30112-1?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS1525001619301121%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
Engraftment of Human Stem Cell-Derived Otic Progenitors in the Damaged Cochlea
https://www.cell.com/molecular-therapy-family/molecular-therapy/fulltext/S1525-0016(19)30111-X
Therapeutic Potential of Wnt and Notch Signaling and Epigenetic Regulation in Mammalian Sensory Hair Cell Regeneration
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-13-6123-4_10
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-13-6123-4_6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30915703?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Protection of Spiral Ganglion Neurons and Prevention of Auditory Neuropathy.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1130:93-107
Authors: Liu W, Wang X, Wang M, Wang H
Abstract
In the auditory system, the primary sensory neurons, spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to the second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound processing, thus building the initial bridge between the physical world of sound and the perception of that sound. Cochlear SGN loss causes irreversible hearing impairment because this type of neural cell cannot regenerate. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of formation, structure, degeneration, and protection of SGNs will help to design potential therapeutic strategies for preservation and replacement of them in the cochlear implant recipient. In this review, we described and summarized the following about SGNs: (1) their cell biology and their peripheral and central connections, (2) mechanisms of their neuronal damage and their protection, and (3) the neural and synaptic mechanism of auditory neuropathy and current options for hearing rehabilitation from auditory neuropathy. The updates of the research progress and the significant issues on these topics were discussed.
PMID: 30915703 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-981-13-6123-4_3
Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy and Ribbon Synapse Regeneration: Repair Process and Therapeutic Target
https://www.standard.co.uk/news/health/drug-being-tested-in-london-could-be-breakthrough-in-treating-hearing-loss-a4083811.html
https://www.wcvb.com/article/local-company-working-on-treatment-to-reverse-hearing-loss/26596728
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1808869418304397?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30853467?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Polymorphism in GRHL2 gene may contribute to noise-induced hearing loss susceptibility: a meta-analysis.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 May – Jun;86(3):370-375
Authors: Li X, Zhu Z, Li W, Wei L, Zhao B, Hao Z
Abstract
INSTRUCTION: Noise-induced hearing loss is a leading occupational disease caused by gene-environment interaction. The Grainy Like 2, GRHL2, is a candidate gene. In this regard, many studies have evaluated the association between GRHL2 and noise-induced hearing loss, although the results are ambiguous and conflicting.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify a precise estimation of the association between rs3735715 polymorphism in GRHL2 gene and susceptibility of noise-induced hearing loss.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed to collect data up to July 8, 2018. Finally, 4 eligible articles were included in this meta-analysis comprising 2410 subjects. The pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association.
RESULTS: Significant association was found in the overall population in the dominant model (GA/AA vs. GG, odds ratio=0.707, 95% confidence interval=0.594-0.841) and allele model (G allele vs. A allele, odds ratio=1.189, 95% confidence interval=1.062-1.333). When stratified by source of the subjects, we also found association between rs3735715 and noise-induced hearing loss risk in the dominant model (GA/AA vs. GG, odds ratio=0.634, 95% confidence interval=0.514-0.783) and allele model (G allele vs. A allele, odds ratio=1.206, 95% confidence interval=1.054-1.379).
CONCLUSION: Rs3735715 polymorphism in GRHL2 gene may influence the susceptibility of noise-induced hearing loss. Additional large, well-designed and functional studies are needed to confirm this association in different populations.
PMID: 30853467 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://futurism.com/the-byte/gene-therapy-deafness-mice
SCIENTISTS USED GENE THERAPY TO CURE DEAFNESS IN MICE
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2019.00014/full
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30873406
Applications of Lgr5-Positive Cochlear Progenitors (LCPs) to the Study of Hair Cell Differentiation
https://www.pnas.org/content/116/10/4496
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30782832?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Dual AAV-mediated gene therapy restores hearing in a DFNB9 mouse model.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2019 03 05;116(10):4496-4501
Authors: Akil O, Dyka F, Calvet C, Emptoz A, Lahlou G, Nouaille S, Boutet de Monvel J, Hardelin JP, Hauswirth WW, Avan P, Petit C, Safieddine S, Lustig LR
Abstract
Autosomal recessive genetic forms (DFNB) account for most cases of profound congenital deafness. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy is a promising therapeutic option, but is limited by a potentially short therapeutic window and the constrained packaging capacity of the vector. We focus here on the otoferlin gene underlying DFNB9, one of the most frequent genetic forms of congenital deafness. We adopted a dual AAV approach using two different recombinant vectors, one containing the 5′ and the other the 3′ portions of otoferlin cDNA, which exceed the packaging capacity of the AAV when combined. A single delivery of the vector pair into the mature cochlea of Otof -/- mutant mice reconstituted the otoferlin cDNA coding sequence through recombination of the 5′ and 3′ cDNAs, leading to the durable restoration of otoferlin expression in transduced cells and a reversal of the deafness phenotype, raising hopes for future gene therapy trials in DFNB9 patients.
PMID: 30782832 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6573016/
Current concepts in cochlear ribbon synapse formation
Thomas M Coate 1, M Katie Scott 2, Mansa Gurjar 1
Affiliations expand
PMID: 30592086 PMCID: PMC6573016 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22087
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0361923018309183
https://www.b3cnewswire.com/201902051883/audion-therapeutics-and-regain-consortium-announce-positive-phase-i-results-in-patients-with-sensorineural-hearing-loss.html
https://journals.lww.com/otology-neurotology/Abstract/2019/02000/SENS_401_Effectively_Reduces_Severe_Acoustic.29.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30570608
SENS-401 Effectively Reduces Severe Acoustic Trauma-Induced Hearing Loss in Male Rats With Twice Daily Administration Delayed up to 96 hours
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS:
SENS-401 (R-azasetron besylate) is effective against severe acoustic trauma-induced hearing loss.
BACKGROUND:
SENS-401 has calcineurin inhibiting properties and attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss in a rat model. Cisplatin-induced and acoustic trauma-induced hearing loss share common apoptotic pathways.
METHODS:
The dose-response relationship of SENS-401 (6.6 mg/kg BID, 13.2 mg/kg BID, 26.4 mg/kg QD) and treatment time-window (13.2 mg/kg BID starting 24, 72, and 96 h posttrauma) versus placebo for 28 days were evaluated in a male rat model of severe acoustic trauma-induced hearing loss (120 dB SPL, 2 h) using auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) measures followed by cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) counting with myosin-VIIa immunolabeling.
RESULTS:
All SENS-401 doses improved ABR threshold shift and recovery, reaching statistical significance (p < 0.05) for ABR threshold recoveries after 28-days treatment. DPOAE amplitude loss and recovery improved markedly for 13.2 mg/kg BID SENS-401, reaching significance after 14 days (p < 0.05). Significant improvements in ABR threshold shifts/recovery and DPOAE amplitude loss occurred with up to 96-hours delay in initiating SENS-401 (p < 0.05), and in DPOAE amplitude recovery with up to 72-hours delay (p < 0.05). Significantly more surviving OHCs were present after SENS-401 treatment compared with placebo after 24 to 96-hours delay posttrauma, with up to 5.3-fold more cells in the basal cochlea turn.
CONCLUSIONS:
In vivo data support the otoprotective potential of twice daily oral SENS-401. Improvements in hearing loss recovery make SENS-401 a promising clinical candidate for acoustic trauma-induced hearing loss, including when treatment is not initiated immediately.
https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/audiocure-pharma-s-ac102-receives-ema-orphan-drug-designation-for-the-treatment-of-sudden-sensorineural-hearing-loss-ssnhl-/
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-08243-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30683875
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14992027.2018.1543961?journalCode=iija20
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30653365/
Treatment of military acoustic accidents with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)
Ulf Rosenhall,Björn Skoog &Per Muhr
Pages 151-157 | Received 05 Mar 2018, Accepted 24 Oct 2018, Published online: 17 Jan 2019
Download citation https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2018.1543961
https://jcs.biologists.org/content/132/2/jcs224097
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559251?dopt=Abstract
Targeting the downregulation of Cx30 in the cochlea might be a therapeutic option for the prevention of age-related hearing loss
Related Articles
The connexin 30 A88V mutant reduces cochlear gap junction expression and confers long-term protection against hearing loss.
J Cell Sci. 2019 01 16;132(2):
Authors: Kelly JJ, Abitbol JM, Hulme S, Press ER, Laird DW, Allman BL
Abstract
Mutations in the genes that encode the gap junction proteins connexin 26 (Cx26, encoded by GJB2) and Cx30 (GJB6) are the leading cause of hereditary hearing loss. That said, the Cx30 p.Ala88Val (A88V) mutant causes Clouston syndrome, but not hearing loss. Here, we report that the Cx30-A88V mutant, despite being toxic to inner ear-derived HEI-OC1 cells, conferred remarkable long-term protection against age-related high frequency hearing loss in Cx30A88V/A88V mice. During early development, there were no overt structural differences in the cochlea between genotypes, including a normal complement of hair cells; however, the supporting cell Cx30 gap junction plaques in mutant mice were reduced in size. In adulthood, Cx30A88V/A88V mutant mice had a reduction of cochlear Cx30 mRNA and protein, yet a full complement of hair cells. Conversely, the age-related high frequency hearing loss in Cx30+/+ and Cx30+/A88V mice was due to extensive loss of outer hair cells. Our data suggest that the Cx30-A88V mutant confers long-term hearing protection and prevention of hair cell death, possibly via a feedback mechanism that leads to the reduction of total Cx30 gap junction expression in the cochlea.
PMID: 30559251 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/1/113
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32027336/
Gliatilin (Choline Alfoscerate)
Vestn Otorinolaringol
2019;84(6):132-136. doi: 10.17116/otorino201984061132.
[The Use of Gliathiline in Patients With Sensorineural Hearing Loss]
[Article in Russian]
N L Kunelskaya 1, E V Baybakova 2, E S Yanyushkina 2, M A Chugunova 2, M V Tardov 2, Z O Zaoeva 2, G N Izotova 2, E V Larionova 2
Affiliations collapse
Affiliations
1The Sverzhevskiy’s Research clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia, 117152; Department of Otorhinolaryngology N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
2The Sverzhevskiy’s Research clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia, 117152.
PMID: 32027336 DOI: 10.17116/otorino201984061132
Abstract in English , Russian
The results of treatment of 38 patients suffering from sensorineural hearing loss with the Gliatilin (solution 3 ml intravenously for 10 days, capsules 400 mg 3 times a day or solution for ingestion 600 mg 2 times a day for 3 months) are presented. All patients in dynamics were given a comprehensive audiological, neurological examination, as well as an assessment of psycho-emotional status and cognitive function. Subjective improvement of ear noise tolerance by patients by 40 days of observation and continuation of this trend during the whole period (100 days) outside of the form of the medicinal preparation is noted. A reliable improvement in the 50% speech intelligibility threshold by day 100 of observation was established in patients of both groups, with a tendency towards earlier (on day 70 of the study) onset of this effect when taking the drug inside as a solution. The Gliatilin has been proven to reduce anxiety and depression, as well as reliably improve cognitive function. Thus, Gliatilin (injection solution, ingestion solution, capsules) can be used to improve the subjective tolerance of ear noise, speech intelligibility and quality of life of patients in chronic sensorineural hearing loss.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nbt1218-1128
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30520875?dopt=Abstract
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To hear a whisper: biotechs chase new thinking to restore hearing.
Nat Biotechnol. 2018 12 06;36(12):1128-1129
Authors: Jones D
PMID: 30520875 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378595518303940?via%3Dihub
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30473131?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Tonotopy in calcium homeostasis and vulnerability of cochlear hair cells.
Hear Res. 2019 05;376:11-21
Authors: Fettiplace R, Nam JH
Abstract
Ototoxicity, noise overstimulation, or aging, can all produce hearing loss with similar properties, in which outer hair cells (OHCs), principally those at the high-frequency base of the cochlea, are preferentially affected. We suggest that the differential vulnerability may partly arise from differences in Ca2+ balance among cochlear locations. Homeostasis is determined by three factors: Ca2+ influx mainly via mechanotransducer (MET) channels; buffering by calcium-binding proteins and organelles like mitochondria; and extrusion by the plasma membrane CaATPase pump. We review quantification of these parameters and use our experimentally-determined values to model changes in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial Ca2+ during Ca2+ influx through the MET channels. We suggest that, in OHCs, there are two distinct micro-compartments for Ca2+ handling, one in the hair bundle and the other in the cell soma. One conclusion of the modeling is that there is a tonotopic gradient in the ability of OHCs to handle the Ca2+ load, which correlates with their vulnerability to environmental challenges. High-frequency basal OHCs are the most susceptible because they have much larger MET currents and have smaller dimensions than low-frequency apical OHCs.
PMID: 30473131 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-08/nanoparticle-treatment-possible-for-common-form-of-hearing-loss/10477498
http://investors.otonomy.com/news-releases/news-release-details/otonomy-presents-data-highlighting-potential-oto-413-otic
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lary.27539
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30325510?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Supporting cell survival after cochlear implant surgery.
Laryngoscope. 2019 01;129(1):E36-E40
Authors: deTorres A, Olszewski RT, Lopez IA, Ishiyama A, Linthicum FH, Hoa M
Abstract
Supporting cells (SCs) provide structure and maintain an environment that allows hair cells to receive and transmit signals in the auditory pathway. After insult to hair cells and ganglion cells, SCs respond by marking unsalvageable cells for death and maintain structural integrity. Although the histopathology after cochlear implantation has been described regarding hair cells and neural structures, surviving SCs in the implanted ear have not. We present a patient whose posthumous examination of an implanted cochlea demonstrated SC survival. This finding has implications for SC function in maintaining electrical hearing and candidacy for future hair cell regeneration therapies. Laryngoscope, 129:E36-E40, 2019.
PMID: 30325510 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-10-therapy-loss.html
https://www.fiercebiotech.com/research/cochlear-neuron-discovery-could-mean-new-treatments-for-hearing-loss
Cochlear neuron discovery could yield new treatments for hearing loss
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41419-018-0967-1
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30206231?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Generating inner ear organoids containing putative cochlear hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells.
Cell Death Dis. 2018 09 11;9(9):922
Authors: Jeong M, O’Reilly M, Kirkwood NK, Al-Aama J, Lako M, Kros CJ, Armstrong L
Abstract
In view of the prevalence of sensorineural hearing defects in an ageing population, the development of protocols to generate cochlear hair cells and their associated sensory neurons as tools to further our understanding of inner ear development are highly desirable. We report herein a robust protocol for the generation of both vestibular and cochlear hair cells from human pluripotent stem cells which represents an advance over currently available methods that have been reported to generate vestibular hair cells only. Generating otic organoids from human pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional culture system, we show formation of both types of sensory hair cells bearing stereociliary bundles with active mechano-sensory ion channels. These cells share many morphological characteristics with their in vivo counterparts during embryonic development of the cochlear and vestibular organs and moreover demonstrate electrophysiological activity detected through single-cell patch clamping. Collectively these data represent an advance in our ability to generate cells of an otic lineage and will be useful for building models of the sensory regions of the cochlea and vestibule.
PMID: 30206231 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02779192
A Phase 2b Study of SPI-1005 to Prevent Acute Noise Induced Hearing Loss (PANIHL)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30100544?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Association between Uncoupling Protein 2 Gene Ala55val Polymorphism and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.
J Int Adv Otol. 2018 Aug;14(2):166-169
Authors: Koide Y, Teranishi M, Sugiura S, Uchida Y, Nishio N, Kato K, Otake H, Yoshida T, Otsuka R, Ando F, Shimokata H, Hasegawa Y, Nakashima T, Sone M
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The pathology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which is known as sudden deafness (SD), remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) polymorphism and SD risk.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared 83 patients suffering from SD and 2048 controls who participated in the Longitudinal Study of Aging at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences. Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) for SD with a polymorphism of the UCP2 (rs660339) gene.
RESULTS: Under the additive model of inheritance, UCP2 polymorphisms showed significant association with a SD risk. The OR was 1.468 (95% confidence interval, 1.056-2.040) with an adjustment for any past history, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, or hypertension, and for age and sex.
CONCLUSION: Our results imply that the UCP2 (rs660339) polymorphism has a significant association with the risk of developing SD.
PMID: 30100544 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359644617303173?via%3Dihub
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29733894/
Cochlear hair cell regeneration: an emerging opportunity to cure noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss
Author links open overlay panelIbrahimaYoumWeiLi
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.001
http://www.noiseandhealth.org/article.asp?issn=1463-1741;year=2018;volume=20;issue=93;spage=47;epage=52;aulast=Kum
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29676295?dopt=Abstract
Related Articles
Effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration on cochlea following acoustic trauma.
Noise Health. 2018 Mar-Apr;20(93):47-52
Authors: Kum NY, Yilmaz YF, Gurgen SG, Kum RO, Ozcan M, Unal A
Abstract
Introduction: Noise exposure, the main cause of hearing loss in countries with lot of industries, may result both in temporary or permanent hearing loss. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of parenteral papaverine and piracetam administration following an acoustic trauma on hearing function with histopathologic correlation.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar albino rats exposed to noise for 8 h in a free environment were included. We divided the study population into three groups, and performed daily intraperitoneal injections of papaverine, piracetam, and saline, respectively, throughout the study. We investigated the histopathologic effects of cellular apoptosis on inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) and compared the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) thresholds among the groups.
Results and Discussion: On the 3rd and 7th days, DPOAE thresholds at 8 kHz were significantly higher both in papaverine and piracetam groups compared with the control group (P = 0.004 for 3rd day, P = 0.016 and P = 0.028 for 7th day, respectively). On the 14th day, piracetam group had significantly higher mean thresholds at 8 kHz (P = 0.029); however, papaverine group had similar mean thresholds compared to the control group (P = 0.200). On the 3rd and 7th days following acoustic trauma, both IHC and OHC loss were significantly lower in both papaverine and piracetam groups. On the 7th day, the mean amount of apoptotic IHCs and OHCs identified using Caspase-3 method were significantly lower in both groups, but the mean amount identified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method were similar in both groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: We demonstrated the effects of papaverine and piracetam on the recovery of cochlear damage due to acoustic trauma on experimental animals using histopathologic and electrophysiologic examinations.
PMID: 29676295 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
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